Raspberry Piの QEMUエミュレータで Windows互換の ReactOSを動かす方法

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 4.14.34-v7+ #1110 SMP Mon Apr 16 15:18:51 BST 2018 armv7l GNU/Linux

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+を海外通販の Pimoroniでサクッと購入。ベンチマークレビュー

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install git
sudo apt-get -y install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libsdl2-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libpixman-1-dev

cd
# git clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git
git clone git://git.qemu.org/qemu.git --branch v2.12.0 --single-branch --depth 1
# Note: checking out '4743c23509a51bd4ee85cc272287a41917d1be35'.
cd qemu

mkdir build
cd build

../configure --target-list="i386-softmmu" --enable-sdl

make

sudo make install

# ReactOS 0.3.17 VMware 2015-04-07 OK
wget https://excellmedia.dl.sourceforge.net/project/reactos/ReactOS/0.3.17/ReactOS-0.3.17-REL-VMware.zip
unzip ReactOS-0.3.17-REL-VMware.zip
qemu-system-i386 ReactOS.vmdk -m 64

# ReactOS 0.4.5 VMware 2017-05-17 OK
wget https://excellmedia.dl.sourceforge.net/project/reactos/ReactOS/0.4.5/ReactOS-0.4.5-REL-VMware.zip
unzip ReactOS-0.4.5-REL-VMware.zip
qemu-system-i386 ReactOS.vmdk -m 64

wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/reactos/ReactOS/0.4.5/ReactOS-0.4.5-live.zip
unzip ReactOS-0.4.5-live.zip
qemu-system-i386 -cdrom ReactOS-0.4.5-Live.iso -m 64
# ReactOS 0.4.5は Live CDでも動きました

# ReactOS-0.4.8-live.zip 76MB
# https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/reactos/ReactOS/0.4.8/ReactOS-0.4.8-live.zip
cd
wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/reactos/ReactOS/0.4.8/ReactOS-0.4.8-live.zip
unzip ReactOS-0.4.8-live.zip
# ReactOS-0.4.8-Live.iso 240MB

qemu-system-i386 -cdrom ReactOS-0.4.8-Live.iso -m 64
 ReactOS 0.4.8は動きません

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get -y install libsdl1.2-dev

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ ../configure --target-list="i386-softmmu" --enable-sdl
WARNING: Use of SDL 1.2 is deprecated and will be removed in
WARNING: future releases. Please switch to using SDL 2.0

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ ../configure --target-list="i386-softmmu" --enable-sdl

ERROR: pixman >= 0.21.8 not present.
       Please install the pixman devel package.

apt-cache search pixman

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ apt-cache search pixman
libpixman-1-0 - pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo
libpixman-1-0-dbg - pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo (debugging symbols)
libpixman-1-dev - pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo (development files)

$ sudo apt-get -y install libpixman-1-dev

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ ../configure --help

Usage: configure [options]
Options: [defaults in brackets after descriptions]

Standard options:
  --help                   print this message
  --prefix=PREFIX          install in PREFIX [/usr/local]
  --interp-prefix=PREFIX   where to find shared libraries, etc.
                           use %M for cpu name [/usr/gnemul/qemu-%M]
  --target-list=LIST       set target list (default: build everything)
                           Available targets: aarch64-softmmu alpha-softmmu
                           arm-softmmu cris-softmmu hppa-softmmu i386-softmmu
                           lm32-softmmu m68k-softmmu microblaze-softmmu
                           microblazeel-softmmu mips-softmmu mips64-softmmu
                           mips64el-softmmu mipsel-softmmu moxie-softmmu
                           nios2-softmmu or1k-softmmu ppc-softmmu ppc64-softmmu
                           ppcemb-softmmu riscv32-softmmu riscv64-softmmu
                           s390x-softmmu sh4-softmmu sh4eb-softmmu
                           sparc-softmmu sparc64-softmmu tricore-softmmu
                           unicore32-softmmu x86_64-softmmu xtensa-softmmu
                           xtensaeb-softmmu aarch64-linux-user
                           aarch64_be-linux-user alpha-linux-user
                           arm-linux-user armeb-linux-user cris-linux-user
                           hppa-linux-user i386-linux-user m68k-linux-user
                           microblaze-linux-user microblazeel-linux-user
                           mips-linux-user mips64-linux-user
                           mips64el-linux-user mipsel-linux-user
                           mipsn32-linux-user mipsn32el-linux-user
                           nios2-linux-user or1k-linux-user ppc-linux-user
                           ppc64-linux-user ppc64abi32-linux-user
                           ppc64le-linux-user riscv32-linux-user
                           riscv64-linux-user s390x-linux-user sh4-linux-user
                           sh4eb-linux-user sparc-linux-user
                           sparc32plus-linux-user sparc64-linux-user
                           tilegx-linux-user x86_64-linux-user
                           xtensa-linux-user xtensaeb-linux-user

Advanced options (experts only):
  --source-path=PATH       path of source code [/home/pi/qemu]
  --cross-prefix=PREFIX    use PREFIX for compile tools []
  --cc=CC                  use C compiler CC [cc]
  --iasl=IASL              use ACPI compiler IASL [iasl]
  --host-cc=CC             use C compiler CC [cc] for code run at
                           build time
  --cxx=CXX                use C++ compiler CXX [c++]
  --objcc=OBJCC            use Objective-C compiler OBJCC [cc]
  --extra-cflags=CFLAGS    append extra C compiler flags QEMU_CFLAGS
  --extra-cxxflags=CXXFLAGS append extra C++ compiler flags QEMU_CXXFLAGS
  --extra-ldflags=LDFLAGS  append extra linker flags LDFLAGS
  --make=MAKE              use specified make [make]
  --install=INSTALL        use specified install [install]
  --python=PYTHON          use specified python [python]
  --smbd=SMBD              use specified smbd [/usr/sbin/smbd]
  --with-git=GIT           use specified git [git]
  --static                 enable static build [no]
  --mandir=PATH            install man pages in PATH
  --datadir=PATH           install firmware in PATH/qemu
  --docdir=PATH            install documentation in PATH/qemu
  --bindir=PATH            install binaries in PATH
  --libdir=PATH            install libraries in PATH
  --libexecdir=PATH        install helper binaries in PATH
  --sysconfdir=PATH        install config in PATH/qemu
  --localstatedir=PATH     install local state in PATH (set at runtime on win32)
  --firmwarepath=PATH      search PATH for firmware files
  --with-confsuffix=SUFFIX suffix for QEMU data inside datadir/libdir/sysconfdir [/qemu]
  --with-pkgversion=VERS   use specified string as sub-version of the package
  --enable-debug           enable common debug build options
  --enable-sanitizers      enable default sanitizers
  --disable-strip          disable stripping binaries
  --disable-werror         disable compilation abort on warning
  --disable-stack-protector disable compiler-provided stack protection
  --audio-drv-list=LIST    set audio drivers list:
                           Available drivers: oss alsa sdl pa
  --block-drv-whitelist=L  Same as --block-drv-rw-whitelist=L
  --block-drv-rw-whitelist=L
                           set block driver read-write whitelist
                           (affects only QEMU, not qemu-img)
  --block-drv-ro-whitelist=L
                           set block driver read-only whitelist
                           (affects only QEMU, not qemu-img)
  --enable-trace-backends=B Set trace backend
                           Available backends: dtrace ftrace log simple syslog ust
  --with-trace-file=NAME   Full PATH,NAME of file to store traces
                           Default:trace-<pid>
  --disable-slirp          disable SLIRP userspace network connectivity
  --enable-tcg-interpreter enable TCG with bytecode interpreter (TCI)
  --enable-malloc-trim     enable libc malloc_trim() for memory optimization
  --oss-lib                path to OSS library
  --cpu=CPU                Build for host CPU [arm]
  --with-coroutine=BACKEND coroutine backend. Supported options:
                           ucontext, sigaltstack, windows
  --enable-gcov            enable test coverage analysis with gcov
  --gcov=GCOV              use specified gcov [gcov]
  --disable-blobs          disable installing provided firmware blobs
  --with-vss-sdk=SDK-path  enable Windows VSS support in QEMU Guest Agent
  --with-win-sdk=SDK-path  path to Windows Platform SDK (to build VSS .tlb)
  --tls-priority           default TLS protocol/cipher priority string
  --enable-gprof           QEMU profiling with gprof
  --enable-profiler        profiler support
  --enable-xen-pv-domain-build
                           xen pv domain builder
  --enable-debug-stack-usage
                           track the maximum stack usage of stacks created by qemu_alloc_stack

Optional features, enabled with --enable-FEATURE and
disabled with --disable-FEATURE, default is enabled if available:

  system          all system emulation targets
  user            supported user emulation targets
  linux-user      all linux usermode emulation targets
  bsd-user        all BSD usermode emulation targets
  docs            build documentation
  guest-agent     build the QEMU Guest Agent
  guest-agent-msi build guest agent Windows MSI installation package
  pie             Position Independent Executables
  modules         modules support
  debug-tcg       TCG debugging (default is disabled)
  debug-info      debugging information
  sparse          sparse checker

  gnutls          GNUTLS cryptography support
  nettle          nettle cryptography support
  gcrypt          libgcrypt cryptography support
  sdl             SDL UI
  --with-sdlabi     select preferred SDL ABI 1.2 or 2.0
  gtk             gtk UI
  --with-gtkabi     select preferred GTK ABI 2.0 or 3.0
  vte             vte support for the gtk UI
  curses          curses UI
  vnc             VNC UI support
  vnc-sasl        SASL encryption for VNC server
  vnc-jpeg        JPEG lossy compression for VNC server
  vnc-png         PNG compression for VNC server
  cocoa           Cocoa UI (Mac OS X only)
  virtfs          VirtFS
  mpath           Multipath persistent reservation passthrough
  xen             xen backend driver support
  xen-pci-passthrough
  brlapi          BrlAPI (Braile)
  curl            curl connectivity
  membarrier      membarrier system call (for Linux 4.14+ or Windows)
  fdt             fdt device tree
  bluez           bluez stack connectivity
  kvm             KVM acceleration support
  hax             HAX acceleration support
  hvf             Hypervisor.framework acceleration support
  whpx            Windows Hypervisor Platform acceleration support
  rdma            Enable RDMA-based migration and PVRDMA support
  vde             support for vde network
  netmap          support for netmap network
  linux-aio       Linux AIO support
  cap-ng          libcap-ng support
  attr            attr and xattr support
  vhost-net       vhost-net acceleration support
  vhost-crypto    vhost-crypto acceleration support
  spice           spice
  rbd             rados block device (rbd)
  libiscsi        iscsi support
  libnfs          nfs support
  smartcard       smartcard support (libcacard)
  libusb          libusb (for usb passthrough)
  live-block-migration   Block migration in the main migration stream
  usb-redir       usb network redirection support
  lzo             support of lzo compression library
  snappy          support of snappy compression library
  bzip2           support of bzip2 compression library
                  (for reading bzip2-compressed dmg images)
  seccomp         seccomp support
  coroutine-pool  coroutine freelist (better performance)
  glusterfs       GlusterFS backend
  tpm             TPM support
  libssh2         ssh block device support
  numa            libnuma support
  libxml2         for Parallels image format
  tcmalloc        tcmalloc support
  jemalloc        jemalloc support
  replication     replication support
  vhost-vsock     virtio sockets device support
  opengl          opengl support
  virglrenderer   virgl rendering support
  xfsctl          xfsctl support
  qom-cast-debug  cast debugging support
  tools           build qemu-io, qemu-nbd and qemu-image tools
  vxhs            Veritas HyperScale vDisk backend support
  crypto-afalg    Linux AF_ALG crypto backend driver
  vhost-user      vhost-user support
  capstone        capstone disassembler support

NOTE: The object files are built at the place where configure is launched

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ qemu-system-i386 -version
QEMU emulator version 2.12.50 (v2.12.0-258-gc8b7e627b4-dirty)
Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ls -l /usr/local/bin
total 13416
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff   13960 May  5 06:28 ivshmem-client
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff  153636 May  5 06:28 ivshmem-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff  285296 May  5 06:28 qemu-ga
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 1197048 May  5 06:28 qemu-img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 1156076 May  5 06:28 qemu-io
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff  406136 May  5 06:28 qemu-keymap
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 1160144 May  5 06:28 qemu-nbd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff  393376 May  5 06:28 qemu-pr-helper
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 8948492 May  5 06:28 qemu-system-i386

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ qemu-system-i386
Could not initialize SDL(x11 not available) - exiting

pi@raspberrypi:~/qemu/build $ qemu-system-i386 -h
QEMU emulator version 2.12.50 (v2.12.0-258-gc8b7e627b4-dirty)
Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                kernel_irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=off)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                igd-passthru=on|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                enforce-config-section=on|off enforce configuration section migration (default=off)
                s390-squash-mcss=on|off (deprecated) controls support for squashing into default css (default=off)
                memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,thread=single|multi]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]
                set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                cores= number of CPU cores on one socket
                threads= number of threads on one CPU core
                sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     print list of audio drivers and their options
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
                use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
                use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
-balloon virtio[,addr=str]
                enable virtio balloon device (deprecated)
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux)
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]m
       [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB options:
-usb            enable the USB driver (if it is not used by default yet)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]
            [,window_close=on|off][,gl=on|core|es|off]
-display gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off][,gl=on|off]|
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses
-display none                select display type
The default display is equivalent to
        "-display sdl"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-curses         shorthand for -display curses
-no-frame       open SDL window without a frame and window decorations
-alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-ctrl-grab      use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-no-quit        disable SDL window close capability
-sdl            shorthand for -display sdl
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

i386 target only:
-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-no-hpet        disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
                ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4[=on|off]][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6[=on|off]][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]
         [,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to speciy the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off]
         [,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n'
--nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
--nic none      use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,vlan=n][,netdev=nd][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it either to VLAN 'n' or the netdev 'nd' (for pluggable
                NICs please use '-device devtype,netdev=nd' instead)
-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

Bluetooth(R) options:
-bt hci,null    dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
-bt hci,host[:id]
                use host's HCI with the given name
-bt hci[,vlan=n]
                emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
-bt vhci[,vlan=n]
                add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
                emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-realtime [mlock=on|off]
                run qemu with realtime features
                mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on)
-gdb dev        wait for gdb connection on 'dev'
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-enable-hax     enable HAX virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-create     create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend
                warning: should not be used when xend is in use
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                xend will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping
-watchdog model
                enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-virtioconsole c
                set virtio console
-show-cursor    show cursor
-tb-size n      set TB size
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny QEMU process to elevate
                    its privileges by blacklisting all set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blacklisting *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
-writeconfig <file>
                read/write config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-enable-fips    enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
-msg timestamp[=on|off]
                change the format of messages
                on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ qemu-system-i386 -cpu help
Available CPUs:
x86              486
x86   Broadwell-IBRS  Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, IBRS)
x86        Broadwell  Intel Core Processor (Broadwell)
x86 Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS  Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, no TSX, IBRS)
x86  Broadwell-noTSX  Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, no TSX)
x86           Conroe  Intel Celeron_4x0 (Conroe/Merom Class Core 2)
x86        EPYC-IBPB  AMD EPYC Processor (with IBPB)
x86             EPYC  AMD EPYC Processor
x86     Haswell-IBRS  Intel Core Processor (Haswell, IBRS)
x86          Haswell  Intel Core Processor (Haswell)
x86 Haswell-noTSX-IBRS  Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX, IBRS)
x86    Haswell-noTSX  Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX)
x86   IvyBridge-IBRS  Intel Xeon E3-12xx v2 (Ivy Bridge, IBRS)
x86        IvyBridge  Intel Xeon E3-12xx v2 (Ivy Bridge)
x86     Nehalem-IBRS  Intel Core i7 9xx (Nehalem Core i7, IBRS update)
x86          Nehalem  Intel Core i7 9xx (Nehalem Class Core i7)
x86       Opteron_G1  AMD Opteron 240 (Gen 1 Class Opteron)
x86       Opteron_G2  AMD Opteron 22xx (Gen 2 Class Opteron)
x86       Opteron_G3  AMD Opteron 23xx (Gen 3 Class Opteron)
x86       Opteron_G4  AMD Opteron 62xx class CPU
x86       Opteron_G5  AMD Opteron 63xx class CPU
x86           Penryn  Intel Core 2 Duo P9xxx (Penryn Class Core 2)
x86 SandyBridge-IBRS  Intel Xeon E312xx (Sandy Bridge, IBRS update)
x86      SandyBridge  Intel Xeon E312xx (Sandy Bridge)
x86 Skylake-Client-IBRS  Intel Core Processor (Skylake, IBRS)
x86   Skylake-Client  Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
x86 Skylake-Server-IBRS  Intel Xeon Processor (Skylake, IBRS)
x86   Skylake-Server  Intel Xeon Processor (Skylake)
x86    Westmere-IBRS  Westmere E56xx/L56xx/X56xx (IBRS update)
x86         Westmere  Westmere E56xx/L56xx/X56xx (Nehalem-C)
x86           athlon  QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
x86         core2duo  Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     T7700  @ 2.40GHz
x86          coreduo  Genuine Intel(R) CPU           T2600  @ 2.16GHz
x86            kvm32  Common 32-bit KVM processor
x86            kvm64  Common KVM processor
x86             n270  Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N270   @ 1.60GHz
x86          pentium
x86         pentium2
x86         pentium3
x86           phenom  AMD Phenom(tm) 9550 Quad-Core Processor
x86           qemu32  QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
x86           qemu64  QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
x86             base  base CPU model type with no features enabled
x86              max  Enables all features supported by the accelerator in the current host

Recognized CPUID flags:
  fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 pn clflush ds acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm ia64 pbe
  pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds-cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cid fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4.1 sse4.2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc-deadline aes xsave osxsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor
  fsgsbase tsc-adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512ifma pcommit clflushopt clwb intel-pt avx512pf avx512er avx512cd sha-ni avx512bw avx512vl
  avx512vbmi umip pku ospke avx512vbmi2 gfni vaes vpclmulqdq avx512vnni avx512bitalg avx512-vpopcntdq la57 rdpid
  avx512-4vnniw avx512-4fmaps spec-ctrl
  syscall nx mmxext fxsr-opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow
  lahf-lm cmp-legacy svm extapic cr8legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid-msr tbm topoext perfctr-core perfctr-nb
  invtsc
  ibpb
  xstore xstore-en xcrypt xcrypt-en ace2 ace2-en phe phe-en pmm pmm-en
  kvmclock kvm-nopiodelay kvm-mmu kvmclock kvm-asyncpf kvm-steal-time kvm-pv-eoi kvm-pv-unhalt kvm-pv-tlb-flush kvmclock-stable-bit
  kvm-hint-dedicated



  npt lbrv svm-lock nrip-save tsc-scale vmcb-clean flushbyasid decodeassists pause-filter pfthreshold
  xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves
  arat

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