ESP8266で Python言語 MicroPythonを動かす方法

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# Windows 10 WSL1 Ubuntu
cd
mkdir esp8266
cd esp8266

# esptoolをインストール
pip install esptool

# MicroPythonのバイナリをダウンロード
# ESP8266 with 2MiB+ flash
wget https://micropython.org/resources/firmware/esp8266-20210902-v1.17.bin

ls -l
# -rw-r--r-- 1 user user  633688 Sep  2 10:30 esp8266-20210902-v1.17.bin

# 消去
esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 erase_flash

# 書き込み
esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 write_flash --flash_size=detect 0 esp8266-20210902-v1.17.bin

$ time esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 erase_flash
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Erasing flash (this may take a while)...
Chip erase completed successfully in 11.9s
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

real    0m13.970s
user    0m0.047s
sys     0m0.063s

$ time esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 write_flash --flash_size=detect 0 esp8266-20210902-v1.17.bin
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Configuring flash size...
Auto-detected Flash size: 4MB
Flash will be erased from 0x00000000 to 0x0009afff...
Flash params set to 0x0040
Compressed 633688 bytes to 416262...
Wrote 633688 bytes (416262 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 36.8 seconds (effective 137.9 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.

Leaving...
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

real    0m39.686s
user    0m0.172s
sys     0m0.063s

$ esptool.py write_flash
usage: esptool write_flash [-h] [--erase-all] [--flash_freq {keep,40m,26m,20m,80m}]
                           [--flash_mode {keep,qio,qout,dio,dout}] [--flash_size FLASH_SIZE]
                           [--spi-connection SPI_CONNECTION] [--no-progress] [--verify] [--encrypt]
                           [--encrypt-files <address> <filename> [<address> <filename> ...]]
                           [--ignore-flash-encryption-efuse-setting] [--compress | --no-compress]
                           <address> <filename> [<address> <filename> ...]
esptool write_flash: error: the following arguments are required: <address> <filename>

-fm dout オプション(最低速オプション)
 qio Quad I/O
 qout Quad Output
 dio Dual I/O
 dout Dual Output

$ esptool.py
esptool.py v3.2
usage: esptool [-h] [--chip {auto,esp8266,esp32,esp32s2,esp32s3beta2,esp32s3,esp32c3,esp32c6beta,esp32h2,esp8684}]
               [--port PORT] [--baud BAUD] [--before {default_reset,usb_reset,no_reset,no_reset_no_sync}]
               [--after {hard_reset,soft_reset,no_reset,no_reset_stub}] [--no-stub] [--trace]
               [--override-vddsdio [{1.8V,1.9V,OFF}]] [--connect-attempts CONNECT_ATTEMPTS]
               {load_ram,dump_mem,read_mem,write_mem,write_flash,run,image_info,make_image,elf2image,read_mac,chip_id,flash_id,read_flash_status,write_flash_status,read_flash,verify_flash,erase_flash,erase_region,merge_bin,version,get_security_info}
               ...

esptool.py v3.2 - ESP8266 ROM Bootloader Utility

positional arguments:
  {load_ram,dump_mem,read_mem,write_mem,write_flash,run,image_info,make_image,elf2image,read_mac,chip_id,flash_id,read_flash_status,write_flash_status,read_flash,verify_flash,erase_flash,erase_region,merge_bin,version,get_security_info}
                        Run esptool {command} -h for additional help
    load_ram            Download an image to RAM and execute
    dump_mem            Dump arbitrary memory to disk
    read_mem            Read arbitrary memory location
    write_mem           Read-modify-write to arbitrary memory location
    write_flash         Write a binary blob to flash
    run                 Run application code in flash
    image_info          Dump headers from an application image
    make_image          Create an application image from binary files
    elf2image           Create an application image from ELF file
    read_mac            Read MAC address from OTP ROM
    chip_id             Read Chip ID from OTP ROM
    flash_id            Read SPI flash manufacturer and device ID
    read_flash_status   Read SPI flash status register
    write_flash_status  Write SPI flash status register
    read_flash          Read SPI flash content
    verify_flash        Verify a binary blob against flash
    erase_flash         Perform Chip Erase on SPI flash
    erase_region        Erase a region of the flash
    merge_bin           Merge multiple raw binary files into a single file for later flashing
    version             Print esptool version
    get_security_info   Get some security-related data

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --chip {auto,esp8266,esp32,esp32s2,esp32s3beta2,esp32s3,esp32c3,esp32c6beta,esp32h2,esp8684}, -c {auto,esp8266,esp32,esp32s2,esp32s3beta2,esp32s3,esp32c3,esp32c6beta,esp32h2,esp8684}
                        Target chip type
  --port PORT, -p PORT  Serial port device
  --baud BAUD, -b BAUD  Serial port baud rate used when flashing/reading
  --before {default_reset,usb_reset,no_reset,no_reset_no_sync}
                        What to do before connecting to the chip
  --after {hard_reset,soft_reset,no_reset,no_reset_stub}, -a {hard_reset,soft_reset,no_reset,no_reset_stub}
                        What to do after esptool.py is finished
  --no-stub             Disable launching the flasher stub, only talk to ROM bootloader. Some features will not be
                        available.
  --trace, -t           Enable trace-level output of esptool.py interactions.
  --override-vddsdio [{1.8V,1.9V,OFF}]
                        Override ESP32 VDDSDIO internal voltage regulator (use with care)
  --connect-attempts CONNECT_ATTEMPTS
                        Number of attempts to connect, negative or 0 for infinite. Default: 7.

● ESP8266の詳細を知る方法、Flash ROMのサイズ
$ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 flash_id
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Manufacturer: e0
Device: 4016
Detected flash size: 4MB
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

● ESP8266の詳細を知る方法、Chip ID
$ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 chip_id
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Chip ID: 0x0004bdc7
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

● ESP8266の詳細を知る方法、MACアドレス
$ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 read_mac
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

# 0x400000 = 4MB
$ time esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 --baud 115200 read_flash 0x00000 0x400000 backup.img
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
4194304 (100 %)
4194304 (100 %)
Read 4194304 bytes at 0x0 in 381.5 seconds (88.0 kbit/s)...
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

real    6m23.555s
user    0m26.484s
sys     0m17.750s

$ time esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 --baud 230400 read_flash 0x00000 0x400000 backup.img
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Changing baud rate to 230400
Changed.
4194304 (100 %)
4194304 (100 %)
Read 4194304 bytes at 0x0 in 192.7 seconds (174.1 kbit/s)...
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

real    3m14.826s
user    0m12.359s
sys     0m8.500s

ls -l
# -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 4194304 Dec  5 15:44 backup.img

$ time esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 write_flash 0x00000 backup.img
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 60:01:94:xx:xx:xx
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Configuring flash size...
Flash will be erased from 0x00000000 to 0x003fffff...
Compressed 4194304 bytes to 305524...
Wrote 4194304 bytes (305524 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 40.5 seconds (effective 828.9 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.

Leaving...
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

real    0m47.556s
user    0m0.172s
sys     0m0.094s

from machine import Pin, I2C
import ssd1306

# using default address 0x3C
i2c = I2C(sda=Pin(4), scl=Pin(5))
display = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
display.text('Hello, World!', 0, 0, 1)
display.show()

>>> display = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "ssd1306.py", line 118, in __init__
  File "ssd1306.py", line 37, in __init__
  File "ssd1306.py", line 74, in init_display
  File "ssd1306.py", line 123, in write_cmd
OSError: [Errno 19] ENODEV

from machine import Pin, I2C
import ssd1306

# using default address 0x3C
i2c = I2C(sda=Pin(5), scl=Pin(4))
display = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)
display.text('Hello, World!', 0, 0, 1)
display.text('ESP8266', 0, 8, 1)
display.text('MicroPython', 0, 16, 1)
display.text('FREE WING', 0, 24, 1)
display.text('1234567890123456', 0, 40, 1)
display.text('1234567890123456', 0, 48, 1)
display.text('1234567890123456', 0, 56, 1)
display.show()

display.poweroff()     # ディスプレイの電源オフ、ピクセルはメモリに残存
display.poweron()      # ディスプレイの電源オン、ピクセルを再描画
display.contrast(0)    # 暗くする
display.contrast(64)
display.contrast(128)
display.contrast(255)  # 明るくする
display.invert(1)      # 反転
display.invert(0)      # 通常表示
display.rotate(True)   # 180度回転
display.rotate(False)  # 0度回転
display.show()         # FrameBuffer の内容をディスプレイメモリに書き出す

display.fill(0)
display.fill_rect(0, 0, 32, 32, 1)
display.fill_rect(2, 2, 28, 28, 0)
display.vline(9, 8, 22, 1)
display.vline(16, 2, 22, 1)
display.vline(23, 8, 22, 1)
display.fill_rect(26, 24, 2, 4, 1)
display.text('MicroPython', 40, 0, 1)
display.text('SSD1306', 40, 12, 1)
display.text('OLED 128x64', 40, 24, 1)
display.show()

from machine import Pin

# GPIO0 Flash Button
p0 = Pin(0, Pin.IN)     # GPIO0 の入力ピンを作成
print(p0.value())       # 値 0 または 1 を取得

from machine import RTC

rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 1, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # 指定の日時を設定
rtc.datetime() # 日時を取得

>>> import os
>>> os.listdir()
['boot.py']

>>> os.uname().release
'2.0.0(5a875ba)'

>>> import webrepl_setup
WebREPL daemon auto-start status: disabled

Would you like to (E)nable or (D)isable it running on boot?
(Empty line to quit)
>
No further action required

WebREPL (Web ベースの対話プロンプト)
import webrepl
webrepl.start()

>>> import network
>>> sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
>>> ap_if = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
>>> sta_if.active()
False
>>> ap_if.active()
True

ap_if.active(False)

sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect("WIFI-SSID", "WIFI-PASSWORD")
>>> print(sta_if.isconnected())
False
>>> print(sta_if.isconnected())
False
>>> print(sta_if.isconnected())
True
>>> print(sta_if.isconnected())
True
6秒程で接続する

>>> sta_if.ifconfig()
('192.168.xxx.xxx', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.xxx.xxx', '192.168.xx.xxx')
戻り値は、IPアドレス、ネットマスク、ゲートウェイ、DNS です。

>>> ap_if.ifconfig()
('0.0.0.0', '0.0.0.0', '0.0.0.0', '192.168.xxx.xxx')

import network
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
ap_if = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
sta_if.active()
# False
ap_if.active()
# True

ap_if.active(False)
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect("WIFI-SSID", "WIFI-PASSWORD")

print(sta_if.isconnected())

●1.6. WiFi
新規のインストールとブートの後、デバイスは接続可能な WiFi アクセスポイント(AP)として設定されます。ESSID は、MicroPython-xxxxxx という形式です。x はデバイスのMAC アドレスの一部に置き換えられます(毎回同じで、すべての ESP8266 チップではおそらく同じです)。WiFi のパスワードは micropythoN です(大文字の N に注意してください)。一度ネットワークに接続すると、そのIPアドレスは 192.168.4.1 になります。WiFi の設定については、チュートリアルの後半で詳しく説明します。

●1.6. WiFi
After a fresh install and boot the device configures itself as a WiFi access point (AP) that you can connect to. The ESSID is of the form MicroPython-xxxxxx where the x’s are replaced with part of the MAC address of your device (so will be the same everytime, and most likely different for all ESP8266 chips). The password for the WiFi is micropythoN (note the upper-case N). Its IP address will be 192.168.4.1 once you connect to its network. WiFi configuration will be discussed in more detail later in the tutorial.

$ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 --baud 115200 flash_id
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Connecting......................................

A fatal error occurred: Failed to connect to Espressif device: No serial data received.
For troubleshooting steps visit: https://github.com/espressif/esptool#troubleshooting

$ esptool.py --port /dev/ttyS21 --baud 115200 flash_id
esptool.py v3.2
Serial port /dev/ttyS21
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 5143, in <module>
    _main()
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 5136, in _main
    main()
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 4541, in main
    esp = esp or get_default_connected_device(ser_list, port=args.port, connect_attempts=args.connect_attempts,
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 121, in get_default_connected_device
    _esp = ESPLoader.detect_chip(each_port, initial_baud, before, trace,
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 372, in detect_chip
    detect_port = ESPLoader(port, baud, trace_enabled=trace_enabled)
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 337, in __init__
    self._set_port_baudrate(baud)
  File "/home/user/.local/bin/esptool.py", line 353, in _set_port_baudrate
    self._port.baudrate = baud
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/serial/serialutil.py", line 295, in baudrate
    self._reconfigure_port()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/serial/serialposix.py", line 435, in _reconfigure_port
    termios.tcsetattr(
termios.error: (5, 'Input/output error')

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